Power transformers are classified based on several factors, including their purpose, construction, and voltage levels. Here are some common types of power transformers:
- Distribution Transformer: These transformers are used to step down high voltage levels from power grids to lower voltages suitable for distribution to residential, commercial, and industrial areas. They are typically located on utility poles or in substations.
- Power Transformer: Power transformers are designed to handle high power levels and are used in power generation plants, transmission substations, and heavy industrial applications. They are responsible for stepping up or stepping down voltages at high power levels.
- Auto-Transformer: An auto-transformer has a single winding that serves as both the primary and secondary winding. It is used for voltage regulation, to step up or step down voltages, and to provide voltage stabilization. Auto-transformers are often used in electrical systems where space and cost are critical factors.
- Instrument Transformer: Instrument transformers are used for measurement and protection purposes. They include current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs). CTs are used to measure high currents by stepping them down to safe levels, while VTs step down high voltages for measurement purposes.
- Isolation Transformer: Isolation transformers are designed to provide electrical isolation between the input and output, effectively blocking the transfer of electrical noise and providing protection against electrical shocks. They are commonly used in sensitive electronic equipment and medical devices.
- Rectifier Transformer: Rectifier transformers are used in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems and industrial applications where AC power needs to be converted into DC power. They transform high AC voltages to lower AC voltages suitable for rectification and subsequent conversion to DC.
- Phase-Shifting Transformer: Phase-shifting transformers are used in power systems to control the phase angle between different transmission lines. By adjusting the phase angle, power flow and system stability can be optimized.
- Furnace Transformer: Furnace transformers are specialized transformers used in industrial applications, particularly in electric arc furnaces. They supply high currents at low voltages to melt metals and alloys for various manufacturing processes.